En esta guia encontramos los valores de ingesta diaria de referencia,DRIs. esta completamente en ingles,bastante tecnico,sencillo y facil lectura.no asustarse si nos sabes ingles
Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate,
Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and
Amino Acids (Macronutrients)
Contenidos:
1 INTRODUCTION TO DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES 21
What Are Dietary Reference Intakes? 21
Categories of Dietary Reference Intakes, 22
Determination of Adequacy, 28
Parameters for Dietary Reference Intakes, 29
Summary, 36
References, 36
2 METHODS AND APPROACHES USED 38
Overview, 38
Types of Data Used, 39
Methods to Determine the Adequate Intake for Infants, 44
Methods to Determine the Dietary Requirements for Children
and Adults, 46
Estimates of Nutrient Intake, 48
Dietary Intakes in the United States and Canada, 49
Summary, 50
References, 50
3 RELATIONSHIP OF MACRONUTRIENTS AND
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO CHRONIC DISEASE 53
Overview, 53
Cancer, 53
Heart Disease, 57
Dental Caries, 61
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 62
Obesity, 64
Skeletal Health, 66
Summary, 66
References, 66
4 A MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERABLE UPPER
INTAKE LEVELS 84
Background, 84
A Model for the Derivation of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels, 85
Risk Assessment and Food Safety, 86
Application of the Risk Assessment Model to Nutrients, 91
Steps in the Development of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level, 94
Intake Assessment, 104
Risk Characterization, 104
References, 105
5 ENERGY 107
Summary, 107
Background Information, 108
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for
Energy, 117
Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure and Requirements, 131
Approach Used to Determine Total Energy Expenditure, 151
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group, 164
Adverse Effects of Overconsumption of Energy, 223
Research Recommendations, 225
References, 240
6 DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES: SUGARS
AND STARCHES 265
Summary, 265
Background Information, 265
Evidence Considered for Estimating the Average Requirement for
Carbohydrate, 277
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group, 280
Intake of Carbohydrates, 294
Adverse Effects of Overconsumption, 295
Research Recommendations, 323
References, 324
7 DIETARY, FUNCTIONAL, AND TOTAL FIBER 339
Summary, 339
Background Information, 340
Evidence Considered for Estimating the Requirement for
Dietary Fiber and Functional Fiber, 362
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group, 384
Intake of Dietary Fiber, 390
Adverse Effects of Overconsumption, 391
Research Recommendations, 399
References, 400
8 DIETARY FATS: TOTAL FAT AND FATTY ACIDS 422
Summary, 422
Background Information, 424
Evidence Considered for Estimating the Requirements for
Total Fat and Fatty Acids, 440
Factors Affecting the Requirements, 447
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group, 456
Intakes of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, 473
Adverse Effects of Overconsumption, 481
Research Recommendations, 505
References, 515
9 CHOLESTEROL 542
Summary, 542
Background Information, 543
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group, 546
Intake of Cholesterol, 549
Adverse Effects of Overconsumption, 549
Risk Characterization, 573
Research Recommendations, 574
References, 578
10 PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS589
Summary, 589
Background Information, 590
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for
Protein (Nitrogen), 610
Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for
Individual Amino Acids, 613
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group for Total Protein, 619
Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group for Indispensable
Amino Acids, 662
Intake of Total Protein and Amino Acids, 682
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Protein, 692
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Individual Amino Acids, 695
Research Recommendations, 737
References, 738
11 MACRONUTRIENTS AND HEALTHFUL DIETS769
Summary, 769
Introduction, 770
Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate, 772
n-9 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids, 816
n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, 820
n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, 826
Saturated Fatty Acids, Trans Fatty Acids, and Cholesterol, 835
Conjugated Linoleic Acid, 836
Dietary Fiber and Functional Fiber, 838
Dietary Protein, 839
References, 845
12 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY880
Summary, 880
Background Information, 881
Physical Activity Level and Energy Balance, 884
Evidence for Healthful Effects of Physical Activity, 912
Balance of Carbohydrate and Lipid Oxidation During
Exercise and Recovery, 917
Physical Fitness, 923
Adverse Effects of Excessive Physical Activity, 926
Research Recommendations, 929
References, 929
13 APPLICATIONS OF DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES
FOR MACRONUTRIENTS 936
Overview, 936
Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Individuals, 937
Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups, 941
Planning Nutrient Intakes of Individuals, 946
Planning Nutrient Intakes of Groups, 947
Nutrient-Specific Considerations, 949
Integrated Example, 963
Summary, 964
References, 965
14 A RESEARCH AGENDA968
Approach, 968
Major Knowledge Gaps, 969
The Research Agenda, 971
LINK DE DESCARGA:
http://rapidshare.com/files/209374276/Dri_energia_macronut.pdf
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